Elephantine is Aswan's largest island.
It used to have an important role back since the Old
Kingdom. Being a capital of the province, the island became
a big trade center.
Pharaohs built temples and made the island center of the cult
of Khnum ,
the god-creator. And even during the Persian
era, Jews built their own temple in the island that was
later destroyed by pagan priests.
The island is said to gain its name from the shape of its bulbous
rocks that resemble elephants. The island is also believed to
have had elephants or it was a center of ivory trading.
It is big enough to include many activities. There are three
inhabited Nubian
villages, a museum, a modern hotel and several monuments in
Elephantine. The island, which is about 2 kilometers (1.2 miles)
long, is also known as Aswan Island.
Northern tip:
In the northern tip of the island there is the Oberoi hotel,
which runs its own ferry to the eastern riverbank of the Nile.
The hotel is separated from the rest of the island by a fence,
so it's not possible to access the rest of the island from
the hotel.
Nubian villages:
Those are three inhabited villages that are located to the
west of the island. The people are friendly and the villages
themselves are interesting. You can freely roam its alleys
and chitchat with the people. (See Image 15)
Island's center:
The center of the island is actually occupied by spacious
lavish greenery.
Southern tip:
There is the landing stage where the ferry taken from Aswan
disembarks. This is the starting point where you can visit
the monuments and tour the whole island if you wish.
Nilometer:
The Nilometer
is just beside the landing stage. It probably dates to the
New
Kingdom. It was later rebuilt by the Romans
and restored for the last time in 1870 by Khedive
Ismail,
the then ruler of Egypt. On the eastern wall of the descending
stairway, French and Arabic inscriptions records the restoration
process. (See Image 14)
Elephantine museum:
To the right-hand side of the landing stage is the antiquities
museum. It houses the antiquities found in the island including
an interesting mummy of a sacred ram found in early last century.
Also on display are statues found in Hekayeb's sanctuary including
a recumbent statue of Sarenput II, a 12th
dynasty governor of the island (He also has a tomb
on the other side of the river). Other artifacts from other
places are on exhibition in the museum.
Temple of Satis :
West of the landing stage is the temple of Satis, goddess
of fertility and inundation of the Nile. The current building
dates to the Greco-Roman
era. The temple is recently restored (See Image 4).
Shrine of Hekayib:
Northwest is a sanctuary dedicated to Pepynakht
Hekayib who was a governor in the 6th
dynasty. He was honored after his death and a cult was
founded after him. (See Image 5, 6)
Although Hekayib was buried in his tomb
at the west bank in Qubbet
Al-Hawa, it was here that he was honored by his sons who
built this shrine and by his descendents several hundred years
later who added their own shrines also in dedication to Hekayib.
Several antiquities were discovered in the sanctuary and were
all moved to the nearby museum on the island.
Step pyramid:
Further northwest a step pyramid can be seen. It is a solid
granite structure that dates back to the 3rd
dynasty of the Old
Kingdom.
Temple of Khnum:
The temple was probably built in the Late
Pharaonic Period but was later restored and enlarged by
the Romans.
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It is dedicated to the ram-headed Khnum, the god-creator.
After the end of paganism, the temple was made a church and
was later used for inhabitance, marking its destruction at
the end.
What remains now from the temple is few, but evidences refer
to a big role it used to play that is compared to that of
the Amun-Re
temple at Karnak.
Ruins of an ancient settlement are located at the rear side
of the temple.
The temple itself is fronted by a platform that was used to
bear statue of the god amid the rituals held occasionally.
Beside the platform lies another square Nilometer.
Kalabsha monuments:
Further southwest to the Khnum temple are the monuments taken
from Kalabsha
temple. Those are Ptolemaic
shrines that were placed here after the dismantling of Kalabsha
temple in the saving process of the Nubian monuments done
in the 1960s. (See Image 9)
You can also see here a statue of an Elephant that was found
elsewhere but decision was made to put it here as an ideal
place for the island that bears its name.
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